Genetics and Dog Behavior

Not very long ago, Ohio made legislative changes to its dangerous dog laws. Specifically, mention of certain breeds (including pit bulls) was removed from its language. For years many trainers have expressed displeasure in BSL (Breed Specific Legislation) which is an ineffective solution to the complex problem of dangerous dogs. While classifying any specific breed as dangerous is ill advised IME, I did want to offer some additional perspective on what role genetics may play in behavior as a follow up to the JAVMA review I recently posted.

Thinking in simple terms, I often look at dogs and see many "ingredients" that contribute to their make-up. These ingredients include not only genetics, but also early imprinting and environmental factors (structure, leadership, training, etc.). I don't believe you can ever know which ingredient is most prevalent in any individual dog.

BSL assumes certain breeds (with shared genetic make up) will likely have tendencies for similar behaviors (aggression?). This short sighted view overlooks those other contributing factors. On the other side of that coin, some contend that "no dog is born bad". That's also a bit short sighted IMO, as it disregards the strength genetics may play.

IMO, there are some problem dogs where genetic make-up plays a significant (and sometimes critical) role - but such issues are very hard to define. Did the offspring of an aggressive dog inherit aggression - or learn it from a parent? You can certainly find behavioral trends in breeding lines, so I think respecting the role of nature is always prudent. This is whole point of breeding programs. But you will also see disparities in siblings, so genetics and environmental factors certainly facilitate diversity.

It's impossible to know where nature ends and nurture begins. As a trainer, I respect that there are genetically wired ingredients in each and every dog. Usually those ingredients are part of a blend, and sometimes a single ingredient can spoil the final product. While I'm glad BSL is in decline, this doesn't mean genetic predispositions toward certain behaviors are non-existent. However, remembering that each dog is a unique individual is important - individuality trumps breed IMO! Owners should work on helping their dog be its best through leadership and training.